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HOT-AIR FURNACE.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, VLRGIL W. BLANGHABD, of Bridport, in the county of Addison, and State of Vermont, have invented a new and, improved Furnace; and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming 'part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of my invention, taken in the line x :c, fig. 2.

Figure 2, a vertical section of the same, taken in the line 3 y, fig. 1.

Figure 3, a horizontal section of the same, taken in the line 2 z, fig. 1.

Figure 4, a section of an air-heater pertaining to the some, taken in the line 2: x, fig, 5.

Figure 5, asection of an air-heater, taken in the line y, fig. 1; and

Figure 6, an end view of the air-heater, which projects through the front side of the furnace, showing the ratchet, pawl, and crank for adjusting the heater.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. 7 v

This invention relates to a new and improved furnace designed for general purposes, and has for its object economizing fuel, simplicity of construction, an adaptation for the heating of a large volume of air for warming apartments other than that in which the furnace is placed, as well as an adaptation for general use in the arts, such as smelting, roasting, 850., &c.

My invention consists substantially in an improved air-heating device, and in a novel arrangement of the same relatively with the draught passage of the fire-chamber, as hereinafter fully shown and described, whereby fresh-heated air (oxygen) is mingled with the products of combustion from the fire-chamber and the inflammable I gases contained in said products entirely consumed.

My invention consists, further,- in a. combustion-chamber in which said gases are consumed, and in a novel arrangement of air-heating pipes, and in the introduction of oil, water, or other substances into the combustionchamber, which will serve as an additional fuel, and be decomposed and consumed with the inflammable gases in said chamber. p

. A represents the fire-chamber of the furnace B, the grate G, the ash-pit underneath. These. parts being well known, and in common use, require no special description. This fire-chamber is enclosed within a case,

i D, which, as well as the fire-chamber, may be of quadrangular form, although I do not confine myself to that shape. Within the case D, at the rear of the fire-chamber A, there is a compartment E, which I term a comhustion-chamber, the partition (1, which divides said chambers, having a damper, F, in it, which is operated by a rod, 6, extending through one side of the case, (see fig. 1.) The fire-chamber A. does not extend the whole-height of the case I), its top a being some distance below the top of the case, as shown in figs 1 and 2, and the space within the case above the fire-chamber is divided into five compartments, a central one, G, which is considerably wider than the others, which are located, two at each side of G, and indicated by H H, I I, (see figs. 1 and 3.) At each side of the fire-chambcr there is a space, (2. These spaces extend from the bottom of the case up to the top of the fire-chamber, and communicate with the compartments I I, as shown in fig.-1. The compartmepts' H I are subdivided into compartments by transverse partitions e and the central compartment G by transverse partitions f f, oneof which, f, is notched at its upper end, as shown at g, and the other one, f, notched at its lower end, as shown at g, (see fig. 2.) J is the pipe leading to the flue or chimney from one end of the compartments of G. -K represents two series of pipes, which are placed horizontally in the compartment G, and communicate with the adjoining compartments H H, the inner ends of the two series ofpipes abutting against or being quite near to each other, (see figs. 1 and 3 I represents smaller tubes, which communicate with the compartments I, and pass horizontally through the compartments H H and extend into the pipes -K, as shown clearly in fig. 3. The partitions e of the compartments H H do not extend upward the whole height of the some, and this admits of all the divisions in the said compartments H H communicating'with' tubes M at thcrear side of the case, and which extend down to the bottom of the some, said tubes being provided with a valve, h, at their upper and lower ends, (see fig 2.) The lower ends of the spaces d are also provided each with a va1ve,i, (see fig. l.) M rcpresents a tube which leads into'the combustion-chamber F from a vessel or reservoir containing oil, water,

' sun' V 2 or other substance whichmay be decomposed and consumed under the heat in the chamber E. N represents an air-heating device, composed of a horizontal tube, j, with which two parallel tubes, k k, commu-.

nicate at right angles, one near each end, (see fig. 5.) These tubes k 70 have each a longitudinal partition,

l, fitted in it, said partitions extending down nearly to the outer ends of the tubes k k and extending entirely across the tube j.v These partitions, it will be seen, cause a circulation of air entirely through the tubesj k is, as indicated by the arrows in fig. 5, and the passage thus formed may be gradually enlarged in the innermost tube It. Onc'end of the tube j is inserted in an opening in the partition a-and the other end passes through the front of thecase D, and has a ratchet, 0, upon it, with which-a pawl, P, engages, (see fig. 6,) and a crank or handle, m, is inserted in this outer end of the tube j for the convenience of turning it, the pawl and ratchet retaining the tube at any desired point. The tube 7' passes through the fire-chamber. near one corner of its upper part, the inner end of the tube being directly over the damper F in partition a. In the inner end of the tube j there is fitted a tube, n, which communicates with the passagein the tubes j k k, and this tube a is encompassed by a tube, 0, having an opening, 12, in it to form a communication between the fire-chamber and the combustion-chamber through -tube 0, (see fig. The outer end of the space q, between the tubes 12. o, is closed and perforated with holes a; and this perforated end of the space is covered by a disk, 8, which is also perforated'with holes t, the outer ends of the latter being bevelled so as to deflect the products of combustion in the direction indicated by the red arrow 1, (see'fig.- 2.) The disk s is at the outer end of a tube, it, which is fitted within the tube a, and the tube M has a rod, 11, attached, which extends through the tube j of the air-heaterfor the purpose of turning disk 8 and regulating the passage of the products of combustion from the fire-chamber into the combustion-chamber. The tube u extends through the disk 8, and it will be'seen that the heated air, as it issues from the end of tube u, will have the products of combustion from .the fire-ohamber forced directly through or into it, the heated air from the heater and the products of combustion being thereby perfectly'mingled. In the outer end of tube j there is a slide, a, by which the admission of air through the heater may be regulated as desired. In certain cases a tube, 6, is inserted in the .tube u, said tube 6' extending across the combustion-chamber E and encompassed by a tube,

0', which is closed at its outer end. The outer end of the tube 6 is perforated, as shown at d, and a sufii-' cient space is allowed between the tubes 6' c to admit of the heated air passing back between said tubes,

as indicated by the red arrows 2. When a direct draught is required, as in kindling, the. slide a in the outer end of the tube j of the air-heater is closed and the damper F opened, which admits of a direct draught of the productsof combustion into the combustion-chamber E; and when the fire is thoroughly under way the damper F is closed and the slide 0' opened, the products of combustion passing through the opening 2 in tube 0 at the inner end of the tube j of the air-heater, and through space q and the disk 8, the bevelled outer ends of the holes t in disks, deflecting the products of combustion directly into or through the stream of hot air issuing from the tube u. The air, in passing through this air-heater, is warmed to such a degree that when mingled with the products of combustion from the fire-chamber, the inflammable gases contained in said products will, in consequence of a supply of oxygen, be consumed in the combustion-chamber;.the latter, therefore, serving as a great auxiliary to the furnace as a heat generator. The efficiency of this combustion-chamber may be still further augmented 'by a supply of oil, water, or other substance which may be decomposed and consumed when admitted into the combustion-chamber in small quantities and mingled with the heated air and products of combustion. This material is introduced through thetubeM, previously described. The tubes 0' cl are designed to carry the hot air through or across the combustion-chamber, and then return to it to a point just opposite orin front of the disk .9, so as to eflect a perfect union of the heated air with the products of combustion from the fire-chamber issuing. from the holes t in the disk. These tubes in certain cases may be advantageous. I do not deem them indispcnsably necessary. The tubes is k of the heater may be raised and lowered so as to bring them nearer to or further from the top of the fire, as may be desired. It is essential that the tubes k be not allowed to get red hot, as, in that case, the air, in. passing through them, would be deprived of its oxygen. The productsof combustion from the chamber E pass up through anopening, e, in the top of E, into the rear chamber of the compartment G, andipassing between. and around the pipes K therein, ascend and pass through the notch or opening 9 in the upper end of the partition)", and thence descend down between and around the pipes K in the central chamber of compartment G, and through the notch or opening g in the lower end of the partition f, and thence up and between the pipes K in the front chamber of the compartment G, into pipe J. Cold air ascends into the lower parts of the spaces old, and up into the compartments I I, passing 'through the tubes L into pipes K, and

thence backbetwcen the pipes K and tubes L into the compartments H, from which it passes over the tops of the partitions e in said compartments into the tubes M, and extending down said tubes, may, if desired, be-conveyed through pipes to any desired place or apartment or series of apartments. This route of the cold air may be reversed, if desired, by closing the lower valves h and opening the upper ones It, the heated air in this case passing out through the valves z in the lower part of the spaces 01.

Having thus described "my invention, I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The air-heater N fitted within the fire-chamber A, and arranged or provided with one or more tubes k k communicating with the tubular axis j, and having partitions l for the purpose of conveying or transmitting a current of fresh heated air to the combustion-chamber E and directly in contact with the products of combustion from the fire-chamber, so that the inflammablegases contained in said products may be consumed within the combustion-chamber, substantially as set forth.

2. The tubes at o placed at the inner end of the air-heater, and arranged as shown or in an equivalent way, for the purpose of insuring a proper mingling of the fresh-heated air with the p ,ducts of combustion from the fire-chamber within the combustion-chamber, as described.

emu 3 3. The perforations r at the end of the space 9, between the tubes n o, in combination with the perforated disk or valve 8, the apertures t oflwhich are inclined or bevelled at their ends to deflect the products of combustion fromthe fire-chamber through the current of fresh heated'air issuing from tube 20, as set forth. I

4. The tubes c (1', applied to the inner end of the air-heater, in combination with the tubes 72, o u, the per forated rotary disk or valve 8, and the perforations r in the end of the space 9, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose specified. A

5. The combustion-chamber E in combination with the air-heater N, fire-chamber A, and the tube Mi the latter forming a. communication between the combustion-chamber and a reservoir of oil, water, or other sub, stance which-may be decomposed andconsumed within the eombustion-chamber, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth. I I 7 6. The arranging of the disk or damper s with the tubeu, and rod 1 attached the latter extending through the tube of the air-heater N, whereby the disk or damper may be turned at will, and the passage of the prod.- ncts of combustion into the combustion-chamber regulated as desired.

'1. The slide a in the outei end of the tube j of the air-heater, in combination with the disk or valve 8, and draught-passage g, at the inner end of the tube'j of the air-heater, for the purpose of regulatingth proportion of fresh heated air, and the products of combustion passing into the combustion-chamber, as set forth.

I 8. The sliding-damper F at the rear of the fire-chamber, in combination with the air-heater N, and combustionchamber E, substantially/as and for the purpose specified.

9. The ratchet O and pawl P, or their'equivalents, for the purpose of regulating the position of the airheater within the fire-chamber, as set forth.

10. The arrangement of the pipes K in the compartment G" in the case D above thfire-chamber, in combination with the tubes L fitted within the pipes K and the compartments H I, coldair spaces 0! 01', and tubes M provided with necessary valves, all arranged to operate in connection with the fire-chamber of the furnace, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

VIRGIL W. BLANCHARD.

Witnesses: 7

Lemma SMITH, G. D. Buss. 

